19 Kosakata Bangun Ruang dalam Bahasa Inggris

Penulis ; 

Diar ajeng agustine

Journal ; 

Rainbow: Journal of Literature,  Linguistics and Cultural Studies 3(1); p.18-26, 2014
 http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/rainbow

Judul : 

SEMANTIC SHIFT IN THE ENGLISH-INDONESIAN TRANSLATION OF TINTIN COMIC SERIES “THE ADVENTURES OF TINTIN: THE BLACK ISLAND”

Background : 

Penulis memulai dengan pernyataan bahwa dalam penerjemahan melibatkan  dua atau lebih bahasa. banyak aspek yangdiperhatikan dalam penerjemahan. Sehingga, dalam penerjemahanya, menimbulkan pergeseran makna dari bahasa sumber kebahasa target. Menghindari pergeseran makna menjadi keharusan bagi seorang penerjemah. Perbedaan ataupun pergeseran terjadi dikarenakan budaya dan konsep bahasa yang berbeda.

Teori; 

• Baker  (1992:4)  states  that  “Almost  every aspect  of  life  in  general  and  in  the  interaction between speech communities in particular could be considered relevant to translation, a discipline which  had  to  concern  itself with  how meaning was generated within and between various groups of people in various cultural settings”.
• Hatim and Mason (1990) in the Machali (2000:5) state that “Translation is an activity that can prove clearly about the role of language in the social life.
• In  this  new  communication activity,  the  translator  makes  efforts  to  build bridge between meaning of  the  source  text  (ST) and the target text (TT).
• The translator has to do all of his  best  to  transfer  the  original  meaning  from source  language  into  target  language. Nida and Taber  (1969)  in  Suryawinata  (1989:2)  say  that translation consists of reproducing in the receptor language  the  closest  natural  equivalent  of  the source  language  message,  first  in  term  of meaning, and secondly in terms of style. 
• The  researcher  classified  the data  based  on  categories  of  semantic  shift proposed  in  Mujiyanto  (2001);  generalization, specification, substitution, reversal, and deviation. 
• In this step, the writer used some dictionary; they were Oxford Advance Learner’s Dictionary and English-Indonesian dictionary by John Ecol and Hasan Sadili, and Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia.  Then, make the back translation (BT) of the target text (TT) by using translation machine. 

Method; 

• Descriptive qualitative method is used in conducting this research.
• Object of study  is a comic,  the basic  step  in analyzing  the data was reading the comic in the both version first to find the data  which  were  related  to  the  topic. The second step was identifying.  After getting the data, the writer identified all of the data related to the problems. After identifying the data, the data were inventoried in a table. The last step in collecting the data was classifying. The data were classified in a table to make the writer easy  to analyze  the  data.  
• After classifying, the data were ready to analyze. There are some steps of analysis. First,read and reread the book in both versions to get the meaning and  find  the data. Reread the data one by one and focus on the words that would be analyzed.  After that, find the meaning of the words which would be analyzed. In this step, the writer used some dictionary; they were Oxford Advance Learner’s Dictionary and English-Indonesian dictionary by John Ecol and Hasan Sadili, and Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia.   Then, make the back translation (BT) of the target text (TT) by using translation machine. After finishing back translation (BT), the writer compared the source text (ST) with the column of back translation (BT) therefore she can decide the category of semantic shift which were found.

CONCLUSION

There are five categories of semantic shift found in the object of study. They are substitution, specification, generalization, reversal, and deviation.

• First, substitution occurs when  the  translator  replaces  a  specific  item  or expression  of  source  language  with  a  target language  item.  It is found 33 data (55%) in the object of study.
• Second, specification is the change of word from specific to general one. In this case, the writer only found 11 data (18,3%). 
• Third, generalization  happens  when  the  translators transfer the specific word in the source language into  general  word  in  the  target  language.  The writer found 6 data (10%) in the object of study.
• Fourth, reversal emerges because the words used between source language and target language are in the opposition or contrary. The writer found 6 data (10%) of reversal in the object of study.
• The last category is found in the object of study is deviation. It occurred only 4 times (6,7%)  in the translation  process. Deviation is the change of word from course or turn away something what is unusual.  It occurs when there are changes in focus and other kinds of possible change or lack correlation between form and meaning.